Motor Vehicle Accessory to Increase Power Supply and Reduce Fuel Requirements

ABSTRACT

A power control system may include at least one of batteries, a motor, and a data logic analyzer that can interpret certain variable conditions of a transport, such as a tractor trailer, moving along a road or highway. The data can be used to determine when to apply supplemental power to the wheels of a trailer to reduce fuel usage. One example device may include at least one of: a power creation module that generates electrical power, a battery which store the electrical power, a motor affixed to a trailer axle of a trailer which provides a turning force to the trailer axle when enabled to operate from the stored electrical power of the battery, and a motor controller configured to initiate the motor to operate according to a predefined sensor condition.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE APPLICATION

This application relates to optimal motor vehicle power and more particularly to offsetting fuel consumption via intelligent control and distribution of electronic power assistance.

BACKGROUND OF THE APPLICATION

Conventionally, Fuel accounts for nearly 40% of operating costs in the trucking industry. For trucking fleets that face large costs associated with diesel gasoline, any way to off-set those costs would be worth considering. A product for the automotive and/or trucking industry that reduces fuel consumption and optimizes an energy footprint would be highly acclaimed. There are presently sliding axle/suspension systems that bolt on under a trailer, but conventionally they are a passive system and thus no power is typically applied to the wheels.

SUMMARY OF THE APPLICATION

One example embodiment of the present application may provide a device that identifies vehicle movement information and applies electronic motor support to the trailer based on the trailer movement information.

Another example embodiment of the present application may include an apparatus comprising at least one of: a power creation module configured to generate electrical power, a battery configured to store the electrical power, a motor affixed to an axle of a trailer and/or truck and configured to provide a turning force to the axle when enabled to operate from the stored electrical power of the battery, and a motor controller configured to initiate the motor to operate according to a predefined sensor condition.

Yet another example embodiment of the present application may include an apparatus comprising at least one of: a battery configured to store electrical power generated from movement of a trailer, a motor affixed to a vehicle axle of a trailer and/or truck and configured to provide a turning force to the trailer axle when enabled to operate from the stored electrical power of the battery, and a motor controller configured to initiate the motor to operate according to a predefined sensor condition.

Still yet another example embodiment of the present application may include an apparatus comprising at least one of: at least one sensor affixed to a vehicle (or to a trailer coupled to the vehicle) configured to receive sensor data during movement of the vehicle, a motor affixed to a vehicle axle of the vehicle configured to provide a turning force to the vehicle axle when enabled to operate from battery power, a vehicle controller configured to identify a threshold sensor condition has been triggered based on the sensor data received from the at least one sensor, and a motor controller configured to initiate the motor to operate according to the threshold sensor condition.

Yet still another example embodiment of the present application may include an apparatus comprising at least one of: at least one sensor affixed to a vehicle (or to a trailer coupled to the vehicle) configured to receive sensor data during movement of the vehicle, a motor affixed to a vehicle axle of the vehicle configured to provide a turning force to the vehicle axle when enabled to operate from battery power, and a vehicle controller configured to identify a threshold sensor condition has been triggered based on the sensor data received from the at least one sensor and control a speed of the vehicle based on the threshold sensor condition.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a top view perspective of the trailer axle and suspension assembly with the electronic motor assistant according to example embodiments.

FIG. 2 illustrates a under body view perspective of the trailer axle and suspension assembly with the electronic motor assistant according to example embodiments.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example system configuration of the electronic motor support for the trailer and/or truck according to example embodiments.

FIG. 4 illustrates a motor control and axle adaptation configuration according to example embodiments.

FIG. 5 illustrates a more detailed configuration of the motor control and axle adaptation configuration according to example embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE APPLICATION

It will be readily understood that the components of the present application, as generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments, as represented in the attached figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the application as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application.

The features, structures, or characteristics of the application described throughout this specification may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. For example, the usage of the phrases “example embodiments”, “some embodiments”, or other similar language, throughout this specification refers to the fact that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. Thus, appearances of the phrases “example embodiments”, “in some embodiments”, “in other embodiments”, or other similar language, throughout this specification do not necessarily all refer to the same group of embodiments, and the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

FIG. 1 illustrates a top view perspective of the truck axle and wheel assembly with the electronic motor assistant according to example embodiments. Referring to FIG. 1, the top view of the trailer wheel and axle assembly 100 includes a set of tires and corresponding wheels 110, a frame and an electronic motor 112 affixed to the underside of the frame. The electric power source is bolted under the trailer and integrated into a suspension configuration. The integrated motor configuration may include batteries affixed to the underside of the frame. The integrated motor configuration will capture energy from the axle which is stored in the battery array 116 of FIG. 2. The stored battery energy can then be used to activate the motor and provide movement assistance to the drive axle via the motor extension 114 which transfers the movement from the motor to the axle. In general there are two additional components, one is the electric motor controller which manages the energy between the motor and the batteries. The second component is the automated control system which has sensors and can predict when and where to apply power or capture it.

There may be one motor per wheel. There may only be one motor for the whole axle in an alternative embodiment. Or there may be a motor on either axle. Or four motors in each wheel. Some trailers have one or more axles and any number of axles can be accommodated. The axles can either be fixed or on a sliding suspension platform. The distributed power source can then apply power to each of the motors at the same time or independently from one another. Energy may be captured through an electric motor and drive axle and then stored in a battery pack. Also, a hydraulic system where energy is captured via air pressure, fluid pressure, flywheel, solar panels on the vehicle and/or a combination of one or more of those power sources. The energy can then be transferred back into the electric motor to power the suspension and axle system forward. Control features, such as an accelerometer and gyroscope in the control system on the suspension may independently sense when acceleration or braking is occurring and apply power/torque (in the positive or negative direction) or not apply power/torque in such instances. The control system will also sense what the driver is doing and operate the system appropriately.

In another example embodiment, a brake line under the truck can be used to determine braking and power for redundancy. Also, data from the truck data port can communicate with the control system on the trailer to make decisions based on the vehicle data (e.g., speed, braking, acceleration, movement, etc.). The system may have a drive axle that is connected to an electric motor. This enables both the axle to spin the motor as well as the motor to spin the axle. This permits for a transfer of energy between the two components. The electric motor is connected to a control system. This control system can send electricity in different frequencies to the motor in order to power it at different speeds. The control system can also send electricity to the electric motor that will permit for the drive axle to spin the motor that will then produce energy. This produced energy will then be sent back to the control system. The control system is attached to a battery pack.

The control system also monitors battery levels and parameters within the system, a motor controller and battery management system monitors the levels and reads the electricity flow through the shunt or current through a high voltage line and calculates the amperage and thus battery level. The vehicle control unit and control system is able to sense the driver's actions and control the motor controller, the battery pack and the electric motor appropriately. It is also able to use elevation graphs in order to properly control the system. Elevation information from a graph, gyroscope can be used to identify a grade and location to determine elevation. An elevation parameter may also be used as a basis as to whether to apply power or not apply power. The control system can predict where the vehicle is headed towards and assesses the terrain ahead. The system can then determine whether to discharge or charge the batteries now in order to be most efficient when the vehicle reaches the terrain ahead. Also, a scale system on the trailer may provide information about weight and needed power (air suspension).

FIG. 2 illustrates a under body view perspective of the trailer axle and suspension assembly with the electronic motor assistant according to example embodiments. Referring to FIG. 2, the electric motor may have a belt driven connection 114 to the drive axle, however, a chain driven, parallel gear drive, gearbox, a direct drive with a pinion pinion/gear/differential connection, fluid torque transfer, flexible coupling, direct drive with a motor inside the axle, an electric motor could be directly connected to the hub, or a transmission which can be continuously variable to use different gears while the system is operating. Also, the battery packs may be tucked into the green frame where they are encapsulated for safety purposes. Instead, a snap-in and snap-out battery module may be detachably attached.

In operation, when the truck is stopped, the control system and alternate power supply (120 volt AC, 240 volt AC, or other varying voltages) can be plugged-in to the truck to power the appliances, heating and cooling instead of running the diesel motor throughout the night. The system can also power cameras in case of accidents or incidents, power sensors to warn about tire pressure, etc., GPS systems, etc. The system may also connect to the cloud for data storage, analytics, etc. Additionally, the design may be more aerodynamic so that the air flowing under the trailer is more of an air foil to make the undercarriage more aerodynamic, thus reducing the drag coefficient.

According to example embodiments energy is created via movement of the vehicle in more than one way. The energy is stored in batteries. When certain variables are within a predefined range (i.e. OBDII or J1939 CanBus data from the truck is observed at threshold conditions, MPH, acceleration rate, braking, gyroscope movement, a particular gear being used, inclinometer, GPS coordinates, terrain graphs etc.), then the smart system knows to engage the electrical energy which adds to the performance of the axle being able to be turned or to a suspension being shifted to increase efficiency. The energy (batteries/electric motor) will add to the performance of the axle being turned, the electronic control module (ECM) which conventionally operates on CanBus and specifically J1939 in modern trucks, is what trucks have instead of OBDII ports as identified in cars, however, for purposes of this disclosure both interfaces may be part of the overall system.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example system configuration of the electronic motor support for the truck according to example embodiments. Referring to FIG. 3, the ‘energy’ is provided from the axle/suspension system and the axle itself (i.e., captured energy from movement). The system configuration 300 includes a truck 301 which houses one or more motors 344, batteries 342, and other localized adaptation units configured to receive commands from the controller 324 and provide or not provide assisted energy to the various axles 312, 314 of the truck and or 316 and 318 of the trailer. The spinning of the axle itself may create energy in the present example, by turning the same motor used to power the axle and generating electrical power which is stored in the battery 342. Any data from the sensors 328, the braking performed by the truck brakes and/or other data sources, such as network data from trucking networks, GPS signals, terrain information, weather information, etc., may also be used to enable the controller 324 to enable the one or more motors 344 to provide assistance to the axles. In one example, the sensory data may be identified (i.e., miles per hour) as providing an enabling signal to one motor for one axle 312 while the other axles and their respective motors are not enabled. In the event that additional sensory data, such as a secondary condition (i.e., inclined road, audio from engine RPM, etc.) may enable additional motors to offer assistance to the other axles 314, 316 and/or 318. One skilled in the art would appreciate that one or more sensory conditions may enable one, two, or more of the motors to begin operating and offering assistance to the truck to save energy and increase fuel economy.

Also in other embodiments, the shocks moving up and down could also create energy that is stored in the batteries via a suspension electrical power capturing adaptation module (not shown). Other examples of power sources may include movement of the primary engine of the truck, solar panels, a charge system that plugs into power outlets. An example of this would be outlets at rest stops, loading docks, weigh stations etc. The control aspect of the controller 324 may include a microcontroller and/or processor. The controller would use logic to interpret OBDII/ECM digital data reading capabilities and interpretation to arrive at certain commands such as: do nothing, apply some power, apply more power, apply less power, charge batteries, stop charging batteries, etc. The controller 324 may not even require the ECM data in order to change its performance, but the ECM data could also be used to provide additional feedback. The power may be applied when the driver is accelerating or going uphill and then will be captured when the vehicle is slowing down or going downhill and assistance is not necessary. The cycle could repeat each time the sensory data identifies the road conditions and the truck conditions so the motors are enabled and disabled at the appropriate times.

The acceleration data of speeding up or slowing down is a foundational variable used to identify uphill or downhill movement and then from the battery levels can be charged and discharged accordingly, predicted terrain ahead, temperature of components, speed, etc. Capturing energy through the shocks is also a possibility. The axle can either spin the motor, which will create energy, or the motor can spin the axles, which will dissipate energy. So the electric motor can either act as a power source or a power generator that creates electrical power the batteries can store.

Energy may be created via movement of the truck or vehicle in more than one way. The energy is stored in batteries. When certain sensory conditions are within a predefined range (i.e. OBDII/ECM data is observed at threshold conditions, MPH, acceleration rate, braking, gyroscope movement, a particular gear being used, incline grade, engine noises, etc.), then the control system can engage the electrical energy which adds to the performance of the axle turning or to a suspension being shifted to increase efficiency. The energy (batteries/electric motor) will add to the performance of the axle being turned. Such information can be identified from the electronic control module (ECM), which is what truck vehicles use instead of an OBDII port. The ‘energy’ is from the suspension and from the axle itself which captures energy from movement. Electricity can be created from most forms of movement, however, in the examples disclosed energy is captured through the spinning of the axle.

FIG. 4 illustrates a motor control and axle adaptation configuration according to example embodiments. Referring to FIG. 4, the motor and corresponding control system 400 may include a set of modules operating as a power and motor control unit 310. In this example configuration of FIG. 4, the power creation module 348 may be generating power while the motor 344 operates in a passive mode of operation. For example, when the motor is disabled via controller 324, the power creation module 348 may be enabled to generate power from the rotational movement of the axle, the shocks or from a separate energy charging configuration, such as solar panels and/or a charging unit (not shown). The sensory conditions detected via the various sensors may be received and processed via the signal reception unit 321. When a condition is determined to require additional energy, such as an incline grade experienced by the vehicle, a RPM threshold as detected by an audio sensor, a certain threshold MPH, etc., then the controller 324 may enable the battery to stop charging and to enable battery power to be dispersed to the motor 344 which enables accessory energy to be provided to the axle via an axle adaptation unit.

The control functions may include a microcontroller and/or processor which receive that sensor data and process the data to enable the motor to operate. The controller 324 may use logic to interpret the sensory data, compare the data to the predetermined conditions/thresholds and execute a power command decision. The OBDII or for trucks specifically, ECM digital data reading capabilities and interpretation from the controller 324 can be used to identify certain commands, such as, do nothing, apply some power, apply more power, apply less power, charge batteries, stop charging batteries, etc. In one example, the controller 324 does not require the ECM data in order to make a power distribution decision, however, the ECM data may also be used for motor enabling decisions.

The power may be applied when the driver is accelerating or traveling uphill and can be captured when the vehicle is slowing down or going downhill. In one example, acceleration, such as speeding-up or slowing-down is one approach to identifying when auxiliary power should be applied to the motors 344, also the terrain, such as uphill or downhill can offer data used to apply the auxiliary power. Additionally, battery levels, predicted terrain ahead (GPS, etc.), temperature of components, speed, etc., can all be applied to determine whether to apply auxiliary power and the degree of power needed. The axle can spin the motor, which will create energy, or the motor can spin the axles, which will dissipate energy. As a result, the electric motor can either act as a power source or a generator.

One example embodiment may include the power creation module 348 configured to generate electrical power, a battery 342 configured to store the electrical power, a motor affixed to an axle of the vehicle and configured to provide a turning force to the axle when enabled to operate from the stored electrical power of the battery. Also, the motor controller 324 is configured to initiate the motor 344 to operate based on a predefined sensor condition from any of the various sensors identifying the external conditions and providing the information to the controller for processing. In an alternative to just electric energy, fluid/gas compression energy may be captured and distributed to turn the vehicle axles. For example, by compressing fluid/gas when the vehicle is slowing down or stopped and the compressed fluid/gas can then be used to spin the axle when accelerating.

Examples of predefined sensor conditions may include a change in at least one of an accelerometer position, a global positioning system indicator, an acceleration status of the vehicle, and a velocity status of the vehicle. Other data about the vehicle may be identified from an inclinometer, a gyroscope, a microphone to listen to the trucks motor RPM to identify strain and overuse based on known audio conditions (i.e., engine noises), a strain and force sensor on or near the fifth wheel to measure the forces between the truck and trailer, auditing the truck electronic control system (ECM) to process the driver's actions and inactions, engine use, brake use, etc. When the motor is engaged to provide assistance directly at the axle, a fuel usage of the engine of the vehicle decreases. The electrical power is generated from at least one of a rotation of the axle, a movement of a suspension of the vehicle, and solar power via a solar panel affixed to the vehicle. Also, using the stored energy as a power source, for example, the driver can plug the truck into a power source to power heating/cooling electronics etc. The motor 344, batteries 342, or power supply 354 could also be used to power other items on the trailer such as an electric lift, fans, cooling system such as a refrigeration or heating system for a trailer, engine block heater, lift gate or other electrically powered components on a trailer, moving the trailer around in loading stations without requiring a hook-up of a diesel powered truck. Also, aerodynamics around the system including suspension adjustments, wheels, axles could be performed automatically to reduce drag and reduce fuel consumption.

In operation, the power creation module 348 may be a drive axle which is connected to the wheels so that power can be transferred from the wheels into the axle. The motor can then be directly mounted into drive axle. The motor may act as both the generator and the power source. The motor either applies positive, none, or negative torque at varying amounts. The axle may be a drive axle that was intended for a truck. As opposed to having a drive shaft, the motor is connected to the pinion, yoke and/or differential.

FIG. 5 illustrates a more detailed configuration of the motor control and axle adaptation configuration according to example embodiments. Referring to FIG. 5, the system configuration 500 includes a main control unit 311 with the motor controller 324, a battery 342 and a motor 344. The pre-charge module 341 may enable the controller 324 to begin operating the motor 344. In this configuration, the vehicle controller 360 may represent a separate computing module which may be part of the motor controller 324 or a separate controller depending on the configuration adopted by the manufacturer. The vehicle controller 360 is responsible for identifying data received from any of the sensors and data sources including but not limited to a weight sensor 361 configured to monitor the weight of the truck, a brake sensor 362 configured to monitor when braking occurs, a gyroscope 363 configured to monitor position and movement of the vehicle in all directions, an incline meter 364 configured to monitor the relative incline of the vehicle, terrain data 365 configured to monitor and predict via stored maps, incline, and altitude data the current, past and/or future terrain of the road, a truckers network 366 configured to monitor data received from a wireless communication source regarding the local and extended conditions of the roads, a GPS sensor 367 to monitor vehicle location/speed/altitude/etc., and a wireless communication module 368 which can transfer data to the system and from the system through various communication sources such as cellular/satellite/etc. In the example of FIG. 5, the sensor information from a GPS, accelerometer, brake, etc., triggers the effort to launch a local motor action on the axles. The vehicle controller 360 receives the sensory data and processes the information to enable the motor's action. The data received is analyzed and compared to established thresholds, such as a known hills or terrain change, accelerometer data, GPS information, MPH, braking actions, and other speed related metrics. The information is received, processed, compared to thresholds, and a decision is made to engage the motor.

According to one example embodiment, an apparatus may include at least one sensor affixed to a vehicle configured to receive sensor data during movement of the vehicle, a motor affixed to an axle of the vehicle, where the motor configured to provide a turning force to the axle when enabled to operate from battery power. The apparatus also includes a processor configured to identify a threshold condition of the sensor has been triggered based on the received sensor data, and a motor controller configured to initiate the motor to operate based on the threshold condition. The sensor includes at least one of an accelerometer, a global positioning system unit, a vehicle brake detector, and a vehicle speed detector, an inclinometer, a gyroscope, a microphone, a sensor of the truck control system, ECM data, etc. The threshold condition may be a velocity of the vehicle, an angle of the vehicle or any threshold related to the sensor(s) data.

The motor controller enables the motor to begin operation when the threshold condition has been exceeded. The threshold condition includes a predefined angle of the vehicle while in motion. The threshold condition may also include a predefined miles per hour velocity when the vehicle is in motion. An inverter/converter power supply component 354 may convert the energy that is stored in the batteries 342 to energy that can be used by auxiliary power components, such as the truck while at rest areas, lift gates on the trailer, refrigeration or heating units on a trailer, the motor controller 324, the vehicle controller 360, in addition to other components on the system. The components of this configuration may include the electric motor 344, the motor controller 324, a logic controller or vehicle control unit 360 (VCU), batteries 342, the drive axle 111, a suspension frame and aerodynamics, as well as other subcomponents, such as the battery management system (BMS) 352, a 12V power supply (not shown), a DC-DC converter (not shown), a DC-AC converter (not shown), a cooling system (not shown), pre-charge circuit module 341, a drive connection 113, a weight sensor 361 and brake sensor 362.

The electric motor may be a 3-phase AC permanent magnet motor. However, those skilled in the art would appreciate that any electric motor could be used in the system configurations of the present application. This may include AC, DC, induction motors, etc. The electric motor communicates to the motor controller and has 3 electric phase lines (high voltage lines) connections in addition to smaller wires that send signals from the motor to the controller. The motor is also attached to a cooling system which flows an oil through the motor to dissipate heat in addition to lubricating the components. Cooling could range from flowing coolant through the motor, around the motor or using airflow to cool the motor or a combination of all cooling configurations.

The motor is then connected to drive axle in order to apply the torque to the wheels. A belt driven adaptation configuration with pulleys may be used. Or, alternatively, a direct drive configuration with the motor and axle being coupled can also be used. One configuration provides connecting into a present differential/pinion where the motor is spinning in a 90 degree fashion to the axle rotation. Another configuration may include the motor spinning in the same direction or in parallel to the axle and having a gearing system for adaptation.

The motor controller is the main linkage point between the motor and the batteries, which takes the energy from the batteries (DC current) and converts it into 3-phase AC current for the motor (or different configurations based on the motor selection type). The controller has the logic and hardware to send the energy in either direction. For instance, if performing regenerative braking, energy may be created at the motor, and then provided into the batteries for later use. The motor controller is the central hub between all of the components which takes its commands from the logic of the vehicle controller 360, which has its own internal logic to determine how to ‘spin’ the motor and how to recharge the batteries, which is also cooled via liquid, air, or a combination.

Data is collected through sensors analyzing data from the trucks control system/‘CanBus’ and how much torque to apply to the rear wheels and whether to apply power or recapture energy. This configuration is presently a printed circuit board (PCB) type of a setup connected to sensors. The information is received from the motor, batteries, motor controller, and other subcomponents to make sure they are operating correctly. The main check may be a temperature of the components. If they are starting to overheat, the system may slow down or stop to permit cooling to occur prior to reinitializing the components. The logic of the vehicle controller will also transmit data through the cloud in order to supply customers with live data which allows us to perform software updates while the system is on the road.

The batteries may be lithium-ion batteries. Other energy storage solutions, such as a flywheel, compression, or other battery chemistries could be used. Cells that are linked in parallel and series to obtain the ideal voltage and charge/discharge rates can also be implemented. There are three levels to developing a battery pack. The first is the cells where the energy is actually stored. Then those cells are linked together to create a module such as 30 cells in a battery module. The modules are linked together to create the battery pack which may be four modules linked to together. For example, a liquid cooled system with a chill plate underneath and around the modules can be used to remove heat, the fluid then circulates through a radiator for cooling. A non-conductive fluid could also be used which would allow for components to be fully submersed in this fluid. This fluid would then be circulated around the batteries 342/motor controller 324/inverter converter power supply 354/or other components for cooling. The fluid movement could be created by pumps, fans, gravity magnetic forces if the fluid is infused with magnetic material such as Ferro fluid, etc. Also, an electric powered chiller may be used cool the liquid before it passes over the batteries.

The drive axle permits the power to be transferred and placed to the wheels. Conventionally, the rear wheels on the back of a truck tractor trailer are passive. They are mounted onto an axle that doesn't rotate but the wheels spin around the outside hubs of the axle. In one example, the rear axles can be replaced with a drive axle, such as a drive axle from a truck. This axle is similar to a drive axle of a car where there is a differential and pinion. The electric motor spins the pinion which in return spins the wheels. A gearing ratio may be created within the differential so that the motor can spin at a different RPM than the wheels are. The motor and axle may also be in parallel or perpendicular, parallel would mean less energy loss.

The suspension frame may have an axle/suspension system such as a sliding tandem or bogie under trailers which is relatively uniform. This enables a truck driver to move the frame forward and backward underneath the trailer so the driver can optimize weight distribution across the truck and trailer axles. It also permits the location of the trailer to move to obtain tighter a turning radius when in a city. The sliding tandem is made up of a sliding box, a suspension system, such as air ride or leaf spring, and then the axles could be two axles or one or three or more axles. The axles could be fixed in one location or on a sliding/moving platform.

The entire suspension frame is also more aerodynamic than conventional configurations. By changing the way the air flows underneath the trailer and how it exits the back of the trailer, drag can be reduced which in effect reduces how much fuel is used. Conventionally, there is a significant amount of turbulent air that is gathered underneath the trailer. There is also a significant amount of back-drag that comes from how the air exits the back of the trailer. However, the configuration of the present application reduces drag and makes the system more fuel efficient.

In the battery management system (BMS) 352, the BMS identifies each cell's voltage, temperature, internal resistance etc., in addition to how much current is being pulled or pushed into the cells. By monitoring those variables, the cell life is maintained as long as possible. If the data identified from the BMS indicates the power is not optimal, the power of the system can be reduced or turned off as a whole. The BMS also has the ability to balance the cells. This permits each cell to stay at the same charge percentage throughout its life. For instance, if one cell was at 100% charge and another one is at 50% charge, you would not be able to charge the system anymore or else the first cell would be overcharged. The BMS is able to keep all cells at the same state of charge.

A 12 volt power supply, such as a 12 volt battery or DC-DC converter off of the main battery 342, may be used to power some of the components of the system including turning the motor controller on, powering the logic controller, powering the pumps, etc. A 12 volt power supply can be used to eliminate the 12 volt battery. The 12 volt source would come directly from a DC-DC converter, which takes the high voltage coming from the battery box and converting it into a lower voltage. This 12 volt source can also come from a 120 volt AC to 12 volt dc power supply. This 12v source presently charges the battery but it may become the main 12v power source. A 12 volt power source is presently used but other voltage levels such as 24 volt, etc. can be used.

The DC-AC converter permits us to take the present DC power from either the full battery pack or the 12v battery and convert it into 110V AC power. This permits the driver to plug a truck into our system in order to power components in the truck. This would primarily be used for when drivers are sleeping in rest areas and they want a power source to power things such as their television, heating, cooling, electronics etc. It can also be used to power devices on the trailer such as a lift gate. The initial or a second DC-AC inverter may be used to power the trailer refrigeration or heating systems.

The cooling system may include two cooling systems. One is for the motor and the other is for the controller/batteries. These two systems could also be combined into one cooling system. The motor uses an oil-based liquid and the controller/batteries us a water/glycol based substance. The systems work by running fluid in or around components and dissipates the heat. The warm fluid is then circled through a radiator system in order to cool the heat. As mentioned above, alternate cooling methods such as a liquid chiller can also be used to dissipate the heat.

The pre-charge circuit module 341 uses fuses, relays, resistors and contractors in order to prevent a large voltage difference between components. An example of this is when the system first turns on, the motor controller is at zero volts. If power is surged to the controller, it has the possibility of damaging components. The pre-charge resistor gradually charges the motor controller to the full voltage before permitting a full open connection.

The drive connection/gearing uses a coupling between the motor shaft and the pinion in order to utilize the power transferring out of the motor. Also, a gearing ratio can be used so that the motor can spin at a different RPM than the axle. In the future, a gearbox can be incorporated into the system as well. This will permit us to have different torque levels at different RPMs. The weight sensor 361 senses the pressure within the suspension to determine how much load is in the trailer. The brake sensor 362 monitors the trailer brakes to determine whether they are engaged or not. From a safety standpoint, a driver attempting to slow down the vehicle does not need another motor attempting to turn the axles. In order to prevent safety failures, if the brakes are applied the motors cannot be engaged or will be engaged with regenerative braking. The system can also use regenerative braking at any time (for example on flat terrain) in order to recharge the battery 342.

The motors being engaged along with the regular truck engine usage may reduce how much fuel is being consumed by the diesel motor. Diesel motors are most efficient when they are used in a certain RPM range. When outside of this range, they become significantly less fuel efficient. When a truck is accelerating or it is traveling up a hill, there is a much larger load on the truck that the RPMs increase and thus the truck is no longer operating in its most efficient energy band. The motor control system of the disclosure may assist by providing the trailer with auxiliary energy when the truck is trying to accelerate or travel uphill. This permits the truck to stay in its optimal RPM range but also have more power. Other features include assisting when the truck is traveling downhill. Conventionally, a truck increases speed when going downhill and the driver has to use engine braking or apply actual brakes in order to slow the vehicle down. With the instant configuration, the electric motor can be used as a generator to slow the vehicle down and capture all that wasted energy and store the energy in a battery pack.

In addition to saving fuel through using hybrid electric technology, additional savings from aerodynamics and powering the truck while the driver sleeps may also save energy. The configuration may change the way the air flows underneath the trailer to reduce drag and make traveling more aerodynamic. The less drag there is means the less work the diesel motor has to do and the less fuel that will be consumed. Another aspect of fuel savings comes from using the battery pack as a power supply when a driver is sleeping or resting in the cab. Conventionally, drivers will leave their diesel motors running in order to power their heating/cooling and electronics. With the instant power system, they can leave their diesel motor off and power their devices off of our battery pack. Also, the present configuration is an overall technology solution for the trailer. By adding GPS tracking and data gathering mechanisms in order to make fleets smarter with how they utilize their trailers. All of this information is being transmitted to the cloud while the vehicle is on the road.

Example embodiments provide a propulsion device or system which replaces the convention rear passive axles underneath a tractor trailer with a configuration that applies positive and negative torque to the rear wheels. Tractor trailer suspension/axle systems are conventionally bolted to the frame of the trailer by eight bolts and have two air lines and an ABS wire. This suspension system can have one or more axles on it and is conventionally either an air ride or leaf spring suspension. This configuration utilizes the axle suspension configuration and adds a localized power source. This permits the wheels to either apply positive torque, coast or apply negative torque. When the system applies negative torque (i.e., using an electric motor as a generator) it is able to capture the energy and store it for later use (i.e., in a battery pack). The configuration can then use this stored energy for later use to apply positive torque to the wheels at the appropriate times. When power is applied, you may add an additional power source to the vehicle (i.e., it is no longer the truck's diesel engine pulling the entire load). The propulsion configuration assists in pushing the vehicle. The main effect of this configuration is reducing fuel consumption, which also acts as an auxiliary power unit (i.e. the driver can plug his truck into the battery and power the truck off by using the stored energy). The configuration is also more aerodynamic so it reduces drag which also saves on fuel.

The inventive aspects may also be applied to a wide range of other vehicles, including without limitation, motor vehicles such as cars, buses, construction equipment, motorcycles, motorized tricycles, mopeds and scooters, railed vehicles such as trains and trams, watercraft such as ships and boats (e.g., possibly linked to the propeller motion), aircraft such as planes and helicopters (e.g., tied to turbine/prop motion) and spacecraft, etc.

It will be readily understood that the components of the application, as generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the detailed description of the embodiments is not intended to limit the scope of the application as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application.

One having ordinary skill in the art will readily understand that the application as discussed above may be practiced with steps in a different order, and/or with hardware elements in configurations that are different than those which are disclosed. Therefore, although the application has been described based upon these preferred embodiments, it would be apparent to those of skill in the art that certain modifications, variations, and alternative constructions would be apparent, while remaining within the spirit and scope of the application. In order to determine the metes and bounds of the application, therefore, reference should be made to the appended claims.

While preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, it is to be understood that the embodiments described are illustrative only and the scope of the application is to be defined solely by the appended claims when considered with a full range of equivalents and modifications thereto. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus for use in a vehicle, the apparatus comprising: a first electric motor-generator; a first wheel coupled with the first electric motor-generator to provide, in a first mode of operation, a motive rotational force at the first wheel to supplement the primary motive forces, and to provide, in a second mode of operation, a regenerative braking force; an energy store from which energy is supplied to power the first electric motor-generator in the first mode of operation and to which energy is supplied by regenerative braking in the second mode of operation; and a controller operatively coupled between the first electric motor-generator and a sensor input to transition the first electric motor-generator between the first, the second and at least a third mode of operation, during motion of the tractor-trailer vehicle over a roadway.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the vehicle includes a tractor-trailer vehicle.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the vehicle includes a tractor-trailer vehicle; and wherein the first electric motor-generator is coupled to provide the motive rotational force at a wheel of a trailer of the tractor-trailer vehicle.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the vehicle includes a tractor-trailer vehicle; and wherein the first electric motor-generator is coupled to provide the motive rotational force at a wheel of a tractor of the tractor-trailer vehicle.
 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the vehicle includes a tractor-trailer vehicle, and wherein a second wheel includes a second electric motor-generator; wherein the first electric motor-generator is coupled to provide the motive rotational force at a wheel of a trailer of the tractor-trailer vehicle; and wherein the second electric motor-generator is coupled to provide the motive rotational force at a wheel of a tractor of the tractor-trailer vehicle.
 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the suspension assembly is configured as a retrofit assembly for attachment beneath a trailer of the tractor-trailer vehicle as a replacement for an existing suspension assembly thereof which lacks a drive axle to boost fuel efficiency of the tractor-trailer vehicle configuration.
 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the energy store is further configured to receive at least one of compressed air energy and flywheel energy.
 8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a cooling system coupled to the energy store and configured to cool the energy store.
 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the energy store includes a battery array, and wherein the battery array is submerged within a non-conductive fluid of the cooling system.
 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is couplable to receive signals from a controller area network bus (CANbus) or electronic control module (ECM) interface of a tractor of the tractor-trailer vehicle and responsive to at least some signals received therefrom.
 11. A method, comprising: coupling a first wheel and a first electric motor-generator to provide, in a first mode of operation, an assistive motive force at the first wheel and, in a second mode of operation, a regenerative braking force, the one or more wheels configurable with tires to allow the trailer to roll along a roadway when motivated by a fuel consuming engine of a tractor to which the trailer is mechanically coupled in a tractor-trailer vehicle configuration; and coupling a controller between the first electric motor-generator and one or more sensor inputs to transition the first electric motor-generator between the first, the second, and at least a third mode of operation, during motion of the tractor-trailer vehicle over the roadway.
 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising: coupling an energy store to receive energy regenerated by the first electric motor-generator.
 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising: coupling the energy store to further receive at least one of compressed air energy and flywheel energy.
 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the first electric motor-generator is coupled to provide the motive rotational force at a wheel of the trailer of the tractor-trailer vehicle.
 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the first electric motor-generator is coupled to provide the motive rotational force at a wheel of the tractor of the tractor-trailer vehicle.
 16. The method of claim 11, wherein a second wheel includes at least a second electric motor-generator; wherein the first electric motor-generator is coupled to provide the motive rotational force at a wheel of the trailer of the tractor-trailer vehicle; and wherein the second electric motor-generator is coupled to provide the motive rotational force at a wheel of the tractor of the tractor-trailer vehicle.
 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising: coupling the controller to a controller area network bus (CANbus) or electronic control module (ECM) interface of the tractor to receive and respond to at least some signals received therefrom.
 18. An apparatus for use in a vehicle, the apparatus comprising: a first wheel including a first electric motor-generator and a second wheel including a second electric motor-generator, the first and second electric motor-generators coupled to provide, in a first mode of operation, a motive rotational force at respective ones of the first and second wheels to supplement the primary motive forces, and to provide, in a second mode of operation, a regenerative braking force; an energy store from which energy is supplied to power the first and second electric motor-generators in the first mode of operation and to which energy is supplied in the second mode of operation; and a controller operatively coupled between the first electric motor-generator, the second electric motor-generator, and one or more sensor inputs to independently transition each of the first and second electric motor-generators between the first, the second and at least a third mode of operation, during motion of the vehicle over a roadway.
 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein, based on a second sensor input, the controller transitions the second electric motor-generator between the first, the second, and the third mode of operation.
 20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the vehicle includes a tractor-trailer vehicle; and wherein at least one of the first and second electric motor-generators is coupled to provide the motive rotational force at a wheel of a trailer of the tractor-trailer vehicle. 